Fig. 1
From: Causal associations between liver traits and Colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Study design of Mendelian randomization between liver traits and CRC. The solid lines represent the association between the instrumental variables and exposure as well as the association between exposure and outcome. Dash lines with a cross means that the association meets two basic assumptions of Mendelian randomization: (i) the genetic variants are independent of confounders between exposure and outcomes, (ii) the genetic variants only influence the outcome via exposure