Table 1 Mendelian randomization estimates of the associations between dietary habits and colorectal cancer

Vegetables

Colorectal cancer

12

0.048

1.014 (1.000-1.029)

0.819

1.004 (0.974-1.034)

0.045

1.019 (1.000-1.038)

0.438

Vegetables (Female)

Colorectal cancer

6

0.788

1.003 (0.981-1.026)

0.702

1.013 (0.953-1.076)

0.644

1.005 (0.984-1.027)

0.75

Vegetables (Male)

Colorectal cancer

9

0.32

1.006 (0.995-1.017)

0.978

1.001 (0.962-1.041)

0.916

0.999 (0.986-1.013)

0.804

Fruit

Colorectal cancer

8

0.512

1.007(0.986-1.029)

0.95

1.002 (0.932-1.078)

0.327

1.019 (0.984-1.055)

0.896

Beef intake

Colorectal cancer

5

0.692

1.002 (0.992-1.013)

0.731

1.004 (0.985-1.022)

0.821

1.002 (0.988-1.015)

0.865

Tea

Colorectal cancer

23

0.672

1.002 (0.994-1.009)

0.418

1.008 (0.990-1.026)

0.963

1.000 (0.991-1.010)

0.482

Meat

Colorectal cancer

9

0.968

1.000 (0.987-1.013)

0.683

0.993 (0.961-1.026)

0.982

1.000 (0.984-1.017)

0.645

Sweets

Colorectal cancer

18

0.524

0.998 (0.991-1.004)

0.891

1.001 (0.989-1.013)

0.59

0.998 (0.990-1.006)

0.547

Alcohol

Alcohol drinker status (current)

Colorectal cancer

27

0.556

1.012 (0.974-1.051)

0.427

0.961 (0.873-1.058)

0.726

1.009 (0.960-1.061)

0.268

Alcohol drinker status (Never)

Colorectal cancer

23

0.715

1.010 (0.957-1.067)

0.543

0.965 (0.862-1.080)

0.73

0.987 (0.915-1.065)

0.374

Alcohol drinker status (Previous)

Colorectal cancer

20

0.971

1.001 (0.935-1.072)

0.058

0.877 (0.773-0.996)

0.806

1.011 (0.929-1.100)

0.312

Alcohol (Female)

Colorectal cancer

12

0.184

1.004 (0.998-1.011)

0.824

1.002 (0.984-1.020)

0.257

1.004 (0.997-1.011)

0.798

Alcohol (Male)

Colorectal cancer

9

0.87

1.001 (0.993-1.008)

0.912

1.001 (0.983-1.020)

0.085

1.006 (0.999-1.012)

0.958

Alcohol intake frequency

Colorectal cancer

184

0.154

0.999 (0.997-1.001)

0.178

0.997 (0.992-1.001)

0.12

0.997 (0.993-1.001)

0.404

White wine

Colorectal cancer

20

0.708

1.001 (0.997-1.005)

0.38

1.004 (0.996-1.012)

0.617

1.001 (0.996-1.006)

0.422

Fortified wine

Colorectal cancer

16

0.764

0.997 (0.981-1.014)

0.949

0.999 (0.971-1.028)

0.747

0.996 (0.975-1.018)

0.894

Red wine

Colorectal cancer

14

0.893

1.000 (0.997-1.002)

0.803

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

0.897

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

0.804

Coffee

Decaffeinated coffee

Colorectal cancer

14

0.104

1.025 (0.995-1.005)

0.671

0.985 (0.921-1.054)

0.109

1.033 (0.993-1.075)

0.227

Ground coffee

Colorectal cancer

91

0.266

0.994 (0.983-1.005)

0.677

1.009 (0.969-1.050)

0.35

0.993 (0.978-1.0008)

0.456

Instant coffee

Colorectal cancer

33

0.435

0.994 (0.978-1.010)

0.666

1.012 (0.960-1.067)

0.338

0.990 (0.970-1.010)

0.484

Other type of coffee

Colorectal cancer

5

0.997

1.000 (0.869-1.150)

0.25

1.212 (0.930-1.579)

0.838

1.019 (0.850-1.220)

0.192

Milk

Full cream milk

Colorectal cancer

22

0.357

1.019 (0.979-1.061)

0.086

1.117 (0.991-1.259)

0.809

1.007 (0.950-1.067)

0.127

Skimmed milk

Colorectal cancer

29

0.608

0.994 (0.970-1.018)

0.674

0.982 (0.903-1.068)

0.679

0.994 (0.964-1.024)

0.775

Semi-skimmed milk

Colorectal cancer

12

0.662

0.994 (0.965-1.023)

0.995

1.000 (0.922-1.083)

0.974

1.001 (0.9639-1.03)

0.876

Soya milk

Colorectal cancer

23

0.597

0.983 (0.923-1.047)

0.886

0.987 (0.832-1.172)

0.329

0.960 (0.886-1.042)

0.956

Other type of milk

Colorectal cancer

12

0.126

0.893 (0.773-1.032)

0.459

0.894 (0.671-1.190)

0.414

0.925 (0.768-1.115)

0.998

Rose wine

Colorectal cancer

23

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.013

Yogurt/Ice-cream

Colorectal cancer

14

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.031