Table 4 Differential expression of putative tumor oncogenes and suppressor genes in melanoma
Oncogenes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene | Fold Increase | Interval of Increase | Activating Mechanisms in other Tumor Histologies | Affected Tumor Types |
SPP-1 | 13.2 | Thin to IM | C-Met activation via αvβ3 receptor; Inhibition of apoptosis | Breast, HCC, Prostate, CRC, Head & Neck |
MITF | 3.7 | Progressive increase | Somatic alteration via gene amplification (Chr.#3p13-3p14) | None, Lineage Specific for Melanoma |
CITED-1 (cbp/p300 transactivator) | 12.4 | IM to Thick | Activation of Stat-3, Ras/MAPK kinase signaling via Ets1, Ets2 | Thyroid |
GDF15 (PLAB) | 22.7 | IM to Thick | Lineage specific activation or repression of ERK1/2; Integrator of AKT pathway | Breast, CRC, Gastric, Prostate, Pancreatic |
c-Met | 14.5 | Thick to Met | Ras-Associated Protein (Rap1)/ERK/MAPK, rac1, Grb2, PI3K, src activation | CRC, Breast, Ovarian, Pancreatic, Liver |
HOX Locus (A3, A10, B6, B7, B13) | 2.1 – 5.0 | Progressive increase | Downstream activation of WT-1, NFKB, NR4A3, BCL2, p53 | AML, Breast, SCLC |
Tumor Suppressor Genes | ||||
Gene | Fold Decrease | Interval of Decrease | Suppressor Mechanisms in other Tumors Histologies | Affected Tumor Types |
PITX-1 | 13.9 | Thin to IM | Ras Pathway (RASAL1) | Barrett's [Esophagus] Prostate, Bladder |
CST6 (CST E/M) | 66.7 | IM to Thick | Hypermethylation | Breast, Glioma |
PDGFRL | 7.3 | IM to Thick | Gene Deletion from Chr.# 8p21.3-p22 | HCC, CRC, NSCLC |
DSC3 | 42.8 | Progressive decrease | Hypermethylation | Breast |
POU2F3 | 49 | Thin to IM | Hypermethylation | Cervical |
CLCA2 | 162 | MIS/Thin to MM | Hypermethylation | Breast |