Table 1 Commonly dysregulated genes shared by urothelial and squamous carcinoma versus normal rothelium
From: Gene profiling suggests a common evolution of bladder cancer subtypes
Gene | Fold change UCa | Fold change SCCa | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
UBE2C | 15.1 | 15.1 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; promotes cell cycle; amplified in UCC |
TOP2A | 13 | 14.8 | DNA topoisomerase |
CDC20 | 11.4 | 21.1 | Regulates RUNX1; interacts with Aurora A; cell cycle regulation |
CCNB2 | 9.49 | 12.5 | Cyclin B2; TGF-beta mediated cell cyle control |
CEP55 | 9.32 | 15.1 | Centromeric protein regulated by FOXM1 |
TPX2 | 9.32 | 11.6 | Microtubule formation at kinetochores |
TTK | 9.08 | 10.7 | Mitotic spindle checkpoint protein; smoking responsive gene |
FOXM1 | 8.99 | 7.66 | Can increase levels of cyclin family members; smoking responsive gene |
ZWINT | 8.87 | 7.37 | Kinetochore interactor |
BUB1B | 8.83 | 9.06 | Kinase involved in spindle checkpoint function |
MELK | 8.58 | 12.4 | AMPK related kinase; implicated in stem cell function |
DLG7 | 7.98 | 12.3 | Putative stem cell factor that interacts with kinetochore; increased in UCC |
NUF2 | 7.64 | 7.97 | Kinetochore-associated protein involved in chromosome segregation |
MAD2L1 | 7.61 | 9.06 | Spindle checkpoint protein; regulates start of anaphase |
AURKB | 6.62 | 9.53 | Microtubule-associated protein involved in chromosome segregation |
CCNB1 | 6.43 | 9.89 | Cyclin B1; complexes with p34 to regulate mitotic activity |
RACGAP1 | 6.24 | 5.89 | RhoGTPase encoding gene |
AURKA | 5.64 | 8.51 | Kinetochore-associated protein found at spindle poles during mitosis |
ADH1B | -42.3 | -70.1 | Involved in tobacco smoke detoxification; implicated in esophageal cancer |
UPK1A | -14.4 | -22.4 | Urothelium-associated protein |
FHL1 | -12.5 | -8.37 | LIM-protein that regulates apoptosis and proliferation |
ANXA10 | -12.1 | -18.8 | Regulates cell growth; synergizes with p53 mutation for worse outcomes |
ADAMTS1 | -10.0 | -8.56 | Matrix metalloproteinase |
DARC | -9.93 | -15.9 | Binds cytokines; can influence tumor cell binding to endothelial cells |
MYH11 | -8.96 | -18.8 | Smooth muscle myosin |
DMN | -8.81 | -11.0 | Intermediate filament associated with desmin |
TCF21 | -7.43 | -9.92 | Tumor suppressor gene; undergoes methylation in some cancers |
HLA-DQA1 | -7.01 | -8.38 | Expression may be altered following repeated BCG exposure |
CD69 | -6.63 | -5.48 | Lectin superfamily; reduced in head and neck SCC patients |
ANK2 | -6.28 | -8.84 | Links integral membrane proteins to the underlying cytoskeleton |
CLU | -6.18 | -5.72 | Apoptotic mediators; expression decreased in many cancers |
SELE | -6.14 | -7.75 | Inflammatory mediator; regulates immune cell-endothelial interaction |
JAM2 | -6.07 | -7.61 | Tight junction protein; regulates immune cell binding |
AOX1 | -5.76 | -7.12 | Nicotine metabolizing protein |
PROM1 | -5.27 | -8.29 | Expressed in adult stem cells; mediates differentiation |
CCL14 | -5.09 | -8.40 | Cytokine |