Table 1 Cohort characteristics

Mean age [years]

50.1 ± 13.7

70.4 ± 5.4

Females

555 (56.0 %)

493 (49.6 %)

Active smokers

214 (21.2 %)

66 (6.7 %)

Mean body height [cm]

169.8 ± 9.0

165.3 ± 8.8

Body weight [kg]

79.0 ± 15.1

78.9 ± 13.7

Body mass index (BMI) [kg/m²]

27.3 ± 4.6

28.9 ± 4.5

Waist circumference [cm]

88.0 ± 12.9

98.6 ± 12.1

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)

0.87 ± 0.09

0.91 ± 0.08

Fasting glucose [mg/dL]

97.9 ± 11.2

104.8 ± 22.8

2-hour glucose OGTT [mg/dL]

117.3 ± 36.7

128.7 ± 42.4

Fasting insulin [mU/L]

6.7 ± 8.3

10.4 ± 33.5

Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

1.15 ± 1.72

2.82 ± 8.95

HbA1c [%]

5.19 ± 0.57

5.77 ± 0.69

Leptin [ng/mL]

15.6 ± 14.5

22.4 ± 24.3

Red blood cell count [Tpt/L]

4.63 ± 0.39

4.50 ± 0.40

White blood cell count [pt/nl]

5.72 ± 1.48

6.00 ± 1.81

Platelet count [pt/nl]

225.7 ± 50.3

244.7 ± 65.1

Hematocrit [l/l]

0.42 ± 0.03

0.41 ± 0.03

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) [mmHg]

124.4 ± 16.9

128.7 ± 20.0

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [mmHg]

76.6 ± 9.8

74.0 ± 10.1