Fig. 5

Schematic representation of the sperm nuclear area occupied by chromocenters with the chromosome centromeres under study (4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, X, Y). Solid lines show the observed chromocenter areas; dotted lines show their mirror images. The extent of all areas is depicted by the mean values D/L ± SE and H/L ± SE presented in Table 3 and Fig. 3 and in Additional file 1: Figure S1. a The results obtained for familial RCT cases with chromocenter marked data from fathers (yellow), sons (blue), and the mean control (grey). b The results obtained for all evaluated RCT carriers (T1-T13; green colour) vs. all controls (grey colour)