Fig. 4

Comparison of exosomal mRNAs in CSF from NH donors and ALS patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by DESeq2. a Volcano plot is shown with red lines (horizontal) indicating adjusted p-values less than 0.05 and (vertical) more than two fold changes in normalized count. Upper right-most plotted point represents CUEDC2. b Result of mapping to CUEDC2 was visualized by genome browser. Peaks in red and purple represent exon-mapped and intron-mapped reads, respectively. c Expression levels of DEGs and housekeeping genes were compared between NH and ALS. CPM of each gene was represented in log scale. Each point represents data for an individual. Bar represents mean value of CPM. No point on the graph means undetected. d, e Confirmatory qRT-PCR against ACTB and CUEDC2 was performed. Each point represents data for an individual. Bar represents mean value of Ct. N.D. means not detected within amplification cycle of 40