Table 2 Clusters of shared significantly altered GO biological processes, determined by REVIGO (see Table S6)
Cluster representative | Direction of regulation | Keywords | Prior literature findings |
|---|---|---|---|
regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity | down in PD, up in HGPS | movement of adaptive immune cells | adaptive immunity reduced during aging [68] |
regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | DNA replication, telomere capping | genomic instability is a hallmark of aging [68] involved in premature aging and neurodegenerative diseases [12] |
interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway | cytokine pathways: down in PD, up in HGPS; adiponectin pathway: down in both PD and HGPS | cytokine signaling, adiponectin pathway | cytokine secretion in senescent cells during aging [68] |
negative regulation of eosinophil activation | down in PD, up in HGPS | GPCR signaling, neuropeptide signaling | GPCRs in aging and PD [69]; GPCRs in (premature) cellular senescence [70]; neuropeptide in brain - neuromodulators [71]; neuropeptides in skin - wound healing [72] |
response to axon injury | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | response to ROS | |
angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | down in PD, up in HGPS | blood pressure, metanephros (kidney) | None. GO terms only show up because of overlap with brain and skin processes. |
regulation of cell projection assembly | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | cell projection organization | genes from cell projection GO terms as modifiers of neurodegeneration in PD [73]; cell projection in GO analysis of progerin-associated proteins [74] |
viral genome replication | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | viral processes | Viral immunity decreases during aging [75] |
myoblast development | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | nervous system development | PD might be associated with neurodevelopment [76] |
morphogenesis of an endothelium | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | endothelial morphogenesis | application in neural stem cell-based therapy for PD [77] |
circadian rhythm | down in PD, majority of genes down in HGPS (a few up) | circadian rhythm | Decrease of circadian rhythm associated with neurodegenerative disorders [78] and premature aging [79] |
dopamine biosynthetic process | down in PD, up in HGPS | dopamine | dopamine in diagnosis and treatment of PD [80]; dopamine-specific processes in progerin-induced aging [13] |
regulation of cytokinesis | down in PD, majority of genes up in HGPS (a few down) | cytokinesis | decrease of the number of cell divisions related to aging [81] |
response to electrical stimulus | down in PD, majority of genes up in HGPS (a few down) | electrical stimulus | effect of electrical stimulation on gait in PD patients [82] |
calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source | majority of genes down in PD and HGPS | calcium signaling | role in cellular senescence [83]; candidate hallmark of aging [68]; calcium signaling in premature aging [12] |