Table 4 Sensitivity analyses for robust estimation of the causal association between blood pressure and midlife cognitive function after removing outliers

Estimate (SD)

−0.33

(0.22)

−0.86

(0.39)

− 0.31

(0.42)

−0.09

(0.05)

− 0.06

(0.09)

0.07

(0.09)

0.21

(0.13)

0.26

(0.23)

0.25

(0.23)

P-value

0.141

0.027

0.451

0.066

0.512

0.442

0.114

0.252

0.272

Estimate (SD)

−0.66

(0.33)

−0.88

(0.55)

−0.26

(0.42)

− 0.05

(0.07)

−0.13

(0.12)

0.04

(0.09)

−0.08

(0.19)

− 0.24

(0.30)

−0.06

(0.24)

P-value

0.048

0.111

0.526

0.483

0.269

0.643

0.656

0.437

0.272

Estimate

−0.48

−0.79

−0.65

− 0.07

−0.06

− 0.07

0.2

0.25

0.28

95% CI

(−0.80, − 0.15)

(−1.36, − 0.24)

(−1.14, −.17)

(−0.13, 0.00)

(− 0.19, 0.07)

(− 0.17, 0.02)

(0.02, 0.37)

(− 0.13, 0.57)

(0.00, 0.55)

P-value

0.97

0.97

0.96

0.96

0.97

0.96

0.97

0.97

0.96

P-value

0.97

0.94

0.96

0.95

0.90

0.89

0.93

0.92

0.96

Q Statistics

71.01

97.24

71.33

70.16

75.22

74.98

71.65

74.18

67.53

P-value

0.97

0.47

0.96

0.95

0.88

0.90

0.95

0.93

0.96

Estimate (SD)

0.09

(0.14)

0.04

(0.14)

−0.14

(0.12)

−0.01

(0.03)

0.02

(0.03)

−0.04

(0.02)

0.16

(0.08)

0.14

(0.08)

0.12

(0.07)

P-value

0.553

0.805

0.222

0.766

0.444

0.105

0.057

0.073

0.082

nSNPS

96

93

94

92

92

93

94

94

91