| Healthy Controls n = 52 | Moderate n = 63 | Severe n = 44 | p values* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (males/females) | 19/33 | 27/36 | 17/27 | 0.69 |
Age/years (mean (SD)) | 43.5 (14.5) | 52.6 (19) | 46.5 (16) | 0.11 |
Duration of onset (d) | Â | 4 | 5.6 | 0.19 |
Comorbidities n (%) | No Comorbidity | 51 | 40 | 0.18 |
 Asthma |  | 8 (13%) | 9 (20%) | 0.25 |
 Chronic lung disease |  | 7 (11%) | 9 (20%) | 0.12 |
 Cancer/ on chemotherapy |  | 5 (7.9%) | 2 (4.5%) | 0.57 |
 Ischemic heart disease |  | 12 (19%) | 6 (14%) | 0.45 |
 Hypertension |  | 11 (17%) | 5 (11%) | 0.31 |
 Diabetes |  | 8 (13%) | 9 (20%) | 0.25 |
Cell counts | ||||
 Total leukocytes |  | 8.1 × 1000/mm3 | 9.6 × 1000/mm3 | 0.76 |
 Neutrophils |  | 7.0 × 1000/mm3 | 7.4 × 1000/mm3 | 0.76 |
Respiratory support | ||||
 Invasive mechanical ventilation |  | 0 (0%) | 42 (95%) | < 0.0001 |
 Non-invasive support (CPAP) |  | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | < 0.0001 |
Outcomes | ||||
 Hospitalization | NA | 45 (71%) | 44 (100%) | < 0.0001 |
 Admission to ICU | NA | 7 (11%) | 44 (100%) | < 0.0001 |
 Length of hospital stay | NA | 1.4 days | 26 days | < 0.0001 |
 Death | NA | 0 (0%) | 9 (20%) | < 0.0001 |