Fig. 6

Ex vivo pharmacological treatment reduces survival of breast cancer cells. a. Clonogenic assays show long-term effect of PPH treatment on MCF-7, MDA-MB-361, and MDA-MB-231 cells. Colony intensity was shown as mean ± SD of three replicates. b. Cell viability assay on breast cancer cell lines after treatment with PPH for 72 h. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of five replicates. c. Workflow of isolation, enrichment and downstream analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients’ blood samples. d-f. Immunostaining of enriched CTCs derived from patient blood samples. Scale bars, 10 μm. g. Cell viability assay of patient CTCs with PPH treatment. Enriched CTCs were treated with 5 μM of PPH or vehicle control for 72 h. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of five replicates. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001, Student’s t-test)