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Fig. 2 | BMC Medical Genomics

Fig. 2

From: Ancestry specific associations of a genetic risk score, dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal ARIC study

Fig. 2

Association between dietary patterns and developing MetS or being free from metabolic syndrome among Whites and African Americans. Participants’ MetS status change was in one direction only from visits 1 to 4. Key +  +  +  + versus −  −  −  −: Those with MetS at all 4 visits compared with those without MetS at all 4 visits; − # versus −  −  −  −: Those free of MetS at visit 1 but developed MetS at visit 4 compared with those without MetS at all 4 visits; +  = versus −  −  −  −: Those with MetS at visit 1 but free of MetS at visit 4 compared with those without MetS at all 4 visits. Bold indicates p values that were significant at p < 0.05. Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing for dietary patterns (p = 0.05/4 = 0.017). Dietary patterns were calculated using factor analysis with the principal components factor option and the varimax rotation with correlation ≥ 0.3. MetS was regressed against the GRS adjusting for a covariate summary score composed of age, gender, sports physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), cigarette smoking status, drinker status, education level at visit 1, time in study, and 20 genetic principle components for admixture. Dietary patterns are from Additional file 1: Table S2. Dietary pattern contents for Whites: Western: fried foods, red meat, chips and fries, chicken with skin, processed meat, eggs, and condiments; Healthy: rice, pasta, vegetables, mashed potato, chicken without skin, lentils and beans; High-fat dairy: butter, whole milk, eggs. Dietary pattern contents for African Americans: Western: Eggs, processed meat, biscuit and cornbread, whole wheat bread, fried foods, white bread, and margarine-butter; Healthy: Chicken without skin, vegetables, lentils and beans, fruit, cooked breakfast cereal, fish, mashed potato, shellfish, cold breakfast cereal; High-fat dairy: Butter, margarine-butter, whole milk, cottage cheese

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