Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

55.13 ± 12.84

Adiposity (yes/no)

2450/578

BMI (kg/m²)

32.02 ± 7.44

Waist circumference (cm)

101.34 ± 16.31

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

198.42 ± 40.59

LDL (mg/dL)

126.6 ± 36.6

HDL (mg/dL)

51.25 ± 14.67

Type 2 diabetes (Yes/No)

679/2336

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

100.54 ± 33.71

Fasting insulin (IU/mL)

18.75 ± 24.25

HOMA IR

3.62 ± 2.32

HbA1c (%)

6.00 ± 1.33

Nighttime sleep (h)

6.43 ± 1.52

Insomnia (yes/no)

98/1976