Fig. 4

Network-based separation (\({S}_{ab}\)) and pathobiological similarities. a–j shows observed \({S}_{ab}\), z-score (red arrow) and distribution of \({S}_{ab}^{ran}\) of top 10 overlapping lung diseases with COVID-19 (here, ARMCM indicates abnormal respiratory motile cilium morphology). k Box plot represents the pairwise correlation between genes is significantly (p-value < 0.0001) higher than the random gene sets. l, m Box plots show the distribution of functional similarities (MF) and GO processes (BP) between the genes involved in lung disease and COVID-19. The GO processes and functional similarity between the genes are significantly high (p < 0.0001) compared to the random gene sets (note, in figures k, l, and m 1–10 indicates disease in a similar sequence as it is mentioned in figures a to j). n The strategy of drug repurposing to target the COVID19 module