Table 1 The demographic variables and characteristics of the studied patients and healthy control

Age (year ± SD)

29.33 ± 2.78

27.6 ± 3.06

0.298

BMI (kg/m ± SD)

26.25 ± 2.18

26.48 ± 2.34

0.699

Tobacco smoking

Never

76 (76%)

89 (89%)

–

Ever

34 (34%)

11 (11%)

0.004*

Alcohol drinking

Never

39 (39%)

31 (31%)

–

Ever

61 (61%)

69 (69%)

0.376

Family history

Negative

79 (79%)

100 (100%)

–

Positive

21 (21%)

0 (0%)

0.008*

Semen parameters

Concentration (× 106/ml)

Median: 3.5 (0–6.37)

125.5 (94–156.3)

 < 0.0001*

Mann Whitney test

Mean: 3.71 ± 3.94

126 ± 40.3

Motility (%)

Median: 48.5 (0–63)

60 (49–70)

 < 0.0001*

Mann Whitney test

Mean: 33.95 ± 30.48

59.6 ± 11.55

Volume (ml)

Median: 3.5 (2.35–4)

4 (3–5)

 < 0.0001*

Mann Whitney test

Mean: 3.23 ± 1

4.18 ± 3.19