Fig. 6
Simulation of clonal evolution with both CNVs and HBV integrations. A The scheme of birth–death clonal evolution model with HBV integration. At the tumor size of 105 cells, cells were infected with HBV and HBV integration events occurred. Simulations were generated with the selection coefficient of the hotspot integrations SCHBV in a wide range. B The frequency of cells with HBV integrations in the simulated cell populations. The red line is the observed frequency of cells with HBV integrations in the patient data (142/269) and the blue line marks the initial frequency of HBV integration (2%). C The frequency of cells with the hotspot HBV integrations in the simulated cell populations. The red line is the observed frequency of cells with the hotspot HBV integrations in the patient data (139/269) and the blue line marks the initial frequency of the hotspot HBV integrations (0.02%). D The ratio of cells with the hotspot HBV integrations versus cells with HBV integrations. The red line is the observed ratio in the patient data (139/142) and the blue line marks the initial ratio (1%).