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Table 1 Systematic review of studies of urethral metastasis from prostate cancer cases

From: Multiple metastases of androgen indifferent prostate cancer in the urinary tract: two case reports and a literature review

No. ref

Case

Age

Symptoms at the time of reccurence

PSA (ng/ml)

Location

Appearance (shape, number, size)

Treatment

Pathology

Possible causes

 

Our case (Case 1)

79

Hematuria with difficulty urinating

841

In the proximal penile urethra and distal bulbar urethra

Nodular, multiple

TUR

AVPC

CIC

[5]

Britt Haller et al. [5]

67

Painless hematuria

1.5

Distal bulbar urethra and distal penile urethra in the navicular fossa

Papillary, several

Urethrectomy

PDC

Post TURP/EBRT (4 years)

[6]

Darren J. Bryk et al. [6]

83

Obstructive voiding symtoms

0.67

From the penile to the membranous urethra

Papillary, multiple

Biopsies

PC

Post brachytherapy (9 years)

[7]

Yong G Wang et al. [7]

66

Painless hematuria

0.13

In the anterior bulbar urethra

Papillaey, single

TUR

PDC

Post radiation (4 years)

[8]

Hansan Jhaveri et al. [8]

82

Hematuria and urethral bleeding with difficulty urinating

0.26

From the prostatic urethra past the membranous urethra

A large mass, single

No invasive treatments

PC

Direct extension

[9]

Ibrahim Zardawi et al. [9]

84

Urinary retention and symptoms of urinary tract infection

10.3

One of the lesions in the memvranous urethra, two in the bulbar and penile urethra

Polyp, three lesions

TUR

PC

Post TURP (3 years)

[11]

Darren Beiko et al. [11]

68

Gross hematuria

0.7

In the midbulbous urethra

Polyp, single, 2 mm

Cold cup biopsy

PC

Post TURP/EBRT (4 years)

[10]

Enrique Gomez et al. [10]

68

LUTS and urethral bleeding

1.7

Between the distal bulbar urethra and proximal penile urethra

Nodular, single

TUR

PC

Post radiation (4 years)

[12]

Chi-Feng Hung et al. [12]

77

Voiding straining and a bifurcated voiding stream

5.02

8 cm from the meatus and 2 cm distal to the bulbous urethra

Nodular, single

TUR

PC

Venous spread

[13]

Jutin M. Green et al. [13]

74

Painless hematuria

1.25

In the entire anterior urethra, including the fossa navicularis

Papillary, multiple

TUR

PDC

Post radiation (5 years)

[14]

G. Nabi et al. [14]

65

Gross hematuria

12

In anterior urethra leading to stricture

Multiple nodules with ulcerations

TUR

PC

Post TURP (2 weeks)

[15]

C. Ohyama et al. [15]

71

Gross hematuria

5.2

On the distal urethra

Papillary, small

Chemotherapy TUR

PDC

Unidentified

[16]

T. Kobayashi et al. [16]

76

Gross hematuria

Normal

On the anterior urethra

Nonpapillary, sessile

TUR

PC

Post TURP

[17]

Graeme B Taylor et al. [17]

68

Gross painless hematuria

0.8

In the anterior penile urethra 4 cmfrom the external meatus

Papillary, single

TUR

PDC

Post TURP (3 years)

[18]

Faruk Aydin et al. [18]

84

A watery, bloody urethral discharge

–

The prostatic and anterior penile urethra

Papillary, single

TUR

PC

post TURP (2 years)

[19]

Narendra Kotecha et al. [19]

64

Intermittent spotting of blood

–

In the pendulous urethra, approximately 2.5 cm proximal to the urethral meatus

Papillary, single

TUR

PC

post TURP (2 years)

  1. Italics to distinguish between the past cases and our case
  2. PC Prostate cancer, PDC Prostate ductal carcinoma, AVPC Aggressive variant prostate cancer, CIC Clean intermittent catheterization, TUR Transurethral resection