Genes | Pathway | Criteria for selection | Source |
---|---|---|---|
HCC hub genes | |||
 TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha) | Cell cycle | Poor prognosis and overall survival | |
 CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) | Cell cycle | Poor prognosis and overall survival | [37] |
 BIRC5 (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5) | Cell cycle | Poor prognosis and overall survival | [41] |
 CDC20 (cell division cycle protein 20 homolog) | Cell cycle | Poor prognosis and overall survival | |
Drug target genes | |||
 GPC3 (glypican-3) | Extracellular molecule | Diagnostic marker and drug target | |
 IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) | AKT/mTOR; RAS/MAPK | Drug target | |
 c-MET (c-MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) | AKT/mTOR; RAS/MAPK | Drug target | |
 IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) | TCA cycle | Drug target | [47] |
 MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1) | Apoptotic | Drug target | [48] |
 MDM4 (MDM4 regulator of P53) | P53 | Drug target | [49] |
 RAF (proto-oncogene c-RAF) | Ras/RAF | Drug target | [50] |
 VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) | VEGF | Drug target | [51] |
 PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) | Immune checkpoint | Drug target | [44] |
Somatic mutated and/ drug target genes | |||
 CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1) [GLUL1 (glutamine synthetase) and LGR5 (G-protein–coupled receptor)] | Wnt/ß-catenin | Somatic mutations, drug target and overall survival | |
 TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) | Telomere maintenance | Somatic mutations, drug target and overall survival | |
 ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A) | Epigenetic modifier | Somatic mutations | |
 TP53 (tumor protein p53) | Cell cycle | Somatic mutations | |
Housekeeping and marker genes | |||
 AFP (α-fetoprotein) | NA | HCC serum diagnostic marker | NA |
 GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), ACTB (actin beta) and TBP (TATA-binding protein) | NA | Housekeeping genes | NA |