Fig. 2

Pleiotropic association of HLA-C with IgAN. Top plot, grey dots represent the −log10(P values) for SNPs from the GWAS of IOP, with solid rhombuses indicating that the probes pass HEIDI test. Middle plot, eQTL results. Bottom plot, location of genes tagged by the probes; GWAS, genome-wide association studies; SMR, summary data-based Mendelian randomization; HEIDI, heterogeneity in dependent instruments; eQTL, expression quan-titative trait loci; IgAN, immunoglobulin A nephropathy