Figure 4

Transcript expression not rescued by insulin treatment. qPCR confirmation experiments also included 1 month control and diabetic groups to determine if retinal mRNA expression changes occurred before initiation of insulin treatment. Lad1, Litaf1, Mt1a, and Txnip all demonstrated a 'not rescued' molecular phenotype of increased expression in diabetic animals at 1 month of diabetes which remained elevated at 3 months in diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic groups. Similarly, Rgr expression was decreased at one month of diabetes and remained depressed at three months in diabetic animals with and without insulin treatment. One-way ANOVA, Student Newman Keuls pair-wise post-hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 for 3 month data; t-test #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 for 1 month data; n = 7-11/group for both time points. ND - Non-Diabetic control, D - Diabetic, D+I - Insulin-treated Diabetic, 1M - 1 month, 3M - 3 Months.