DNA methylation differences at growth related genes correlate with birth weight: a molecular signature linked to developmental origins of adult disease?

Table 3 Candidate genes whose methylation is correlated with birth weight

Data Set	L₁-regularized regression R^{2 1}	Non-zero regressions/total "leave one out" regressions at maximum L₁ R²	Tissue	Genes in model	Gene ID
22 newborns, methylation at 1,536 CpGs assayed using Illumina's GoldenGate array	0.78	21/22	Blood	APOE	Apolipoprotein E
				MSX1	Msh homeobox 1
			Placenta	GRB10	Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
				PGRMC1	Progesterone receptor membrane component 1
				RGS14	Regulator of G-protein signaling 14
				SHMT2	Serine hydroxymethyl transferase 2 (mitochondrial)
48 newborns, methylation at 27,578 CpGs assayed using Illumina's Infinium array	0.50	44/48	Blood and placenta, as above	Six genes, above
48 newborns, methylation at 27,578 CpGs assayed using Illumina's Infinium array	0.70	45/48	Blood	ATP6AP1	Atpase, H + transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 1
				PRSS21	Protease, serine, 21 (testisin)
				RCOR1	REST co-repressor 1
			Placenta	ANGPT4	Angiopoietin 4
				CDK2	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
				EVPL	Envoplakin
				NAT8L	FLJ37478: N-acetyltransferase 8-like (GCN5-related, putative)
48 newborns, methylation at 27,578 CpGs assayed using Illumina's Infinium array	0.84	44/48	Blood and Placenta, as above	All 13 genes from both experiments, combined

¹ The maximum L₁-regularized regression correlation obtained for the gene model in which more than 90% of the "leave one out" cross-validations exhibited non-zero regression parameters (third column)