Fig. 2
From: Genetically determined tobacco and alcohol use and risk of atrial fibrillation
Mendelian randomization association between genetically predicted heavy alcohol use and atrial fibrillation. Odds ratio is scaled to per one-unit increase in genetically predicted heavy alcohol use. *Adjusted for smoking. †No outlier detected. CI, confidence interval; IVW, the inverse-variance weighted method; MR, Mendelian randomization; MR-RAPS, MR-robust adjusted profile scores; MR-PRESSO, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier; MVMR, multivariable Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio