Fig. 1

Across genes somatic mutations are enriched on Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes. Scatter plots of the genes that had an excess or depletion of somatic mutations on Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes in A Europeans and B East Asians and C violin plots of log somatic mutation ratio on Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes versus modern haplotypes in Europeans (blue) and East Asians (yellow). In A and B dots above the red dashed line represent genes that have a higher proportion of introgressed haplotypes with somatic mutations compared to non-introgressed haplotypes with somatic mutations. Dots below the red dashed line represent genes that have a lower proportion of introgressed haplotypes with somatic mutations compared to non-introgressed haplotypes with somatic mutations. Black triangles represent genes significant prior to multiple testing correction, blue squares represent genes significant after correcting for multiple testing, and grey circles represent genes that are not significant. In C, dots above the red dashed line represent liver cancer patients with a higher somatic mutation rate across Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes compared to modern haplotypes while dots below the red dashed line represent patients with a lower somatic mutation rate across Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes compared to modern haplotypes