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Table 3 Assessing heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy by different methods

From: Mendelian randomization indicates that atopic dermatitis contributes to the occurrence of diabetes

Data Source

Outcome

Heterogeneity

Pleiotropy

IVW

MR-Egger

MR-Egger

Q/Q_df

Cochran’s Q P

I2 (%)

Q/Q_df

Cochran’s Q P

I2 (%)

Intercept

Intercept P

Forgetta et al.

T1D

31.53/16

0.012

49

29.26/15

0.015

49

0.025

0.297

FinnGen

T1D

37.85/18

0.004

52

27.55/17

0.051

38

0.061

0.022

Mahajan et al.

T2D

50.86/18

< 0.001

65

50.76/17

< 0.001

67

-0.001

0.859

Xue et al.

T2D

21.26/15

0.129

29

21.07/14

0.100

34

-0.005

0.73

  1. Q, heterogeneity statistic Q; df, degree of freedom; I2 = (Q - Q_df ) / Q; AD, atopic dermatitis; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; IVW, the inverse variance weighting method; MR-Egger, Mendelian Randomization-Egger.