Table 3 Clinical outcomes of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) caused due to TTN, LMNA, or other gene variants

Age at diagnosis (years)

31.01 ± 15.92

29.82 ± 10.28

33.75 ± 9.39

26.75 ± 18.45

Male, n (%)

11 (73.3)

3 (50)

4 (100)

3 (75)

Familial, n (%)

11 (73.3)

3 (60)

4 (100)

3 (75)

Familial history of sudden death, n (%)

7 (46.7)

3 (60)

3 (75)

1 (25)

NYHA function class ≥ 3, n (%)

2 (13.3)

1 (20)

1 (25)

0 (0)

Echocardiography findings

LVEF (%)

34.82 ± 13.83

34.02 ± 11.48

45.2 ± 11.4

26.15 ± 6.17

LVEDD (mm)

59.22 ± 28.48

61.24 ± 5.11

58.73 ± 4.94

50.03 ± 19.92

LVESD (mm)

47.35 ± 9.68

49.32 ± 6.74

43.43 ± 5.98

42.8 ± 16.78

LV mass index (g/m²)

107.79 ± 49.1

108.28 ± 20.79

97.02 ± 20.16

101.72 ± 8.92

Restrictive mitral pattern (%)

4 (26.7)

1 (20)

0 (0)

2 (50)

Mitral valve regurgitation ≥ moderate

4 (26.7)

2 (40)

1 (25)

0 (0)

Follow-up data

Anti-arrhythmic agent, n (%)

3 (20)

0 (0)

3 (75)

0 (0)

P-M or ICD or CRT implantation, n (%)

4 (26.7)

1 (20)

2 (50)

0 (0)

Any device (VAD or ECMO), n (%)

4 (26.7)

1 (20)

3 (75)

0 (0)

Heart transplantation, n (%)

4 (26.7)

2 (40)

1 (25)

0 (0)

Mortality, n (%)

2 (13.3)

0 (0)

2 (50)

0 (0)