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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: The potential DNA methylation markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Characteristics

RRBS

 

TBS

Controls (n = 10)

Cases (n = 10)

P-value

Controls (n = 100)

Cases (n = 100)

P-value

Gender, n (%)

  

1.000

   

1.000

Male

3 (30.00)

3 (30.00)

  

39 (39.00)

39 (39.00)

 

Female

7 (70.00)

7 (70.00)

  

61 (61.00)

61 (61.00)

 

Age (years)

59.50 ± 10.63

59.50 ± 10.63

1.000

 

64.79 ± 10.74

64.78 ± 10.77

0.995

Married, n (%)

10 (100.00)

10 (100.00)

  

95 (95.00)

97 (97.00)

0.470

Education attainment, n (%)

 

0.645

   

0.005

Less than primary school

4 (40.00)

3 (30.00)

  

55 (55.00)

43 (43.00)

 

Middle school

4 (40.00)

6 (60.00)

  

20 (20.00)

41 (41.00)

 

Tertiary school or higher

2 (20.00)

1 (10.00)

  

25 (25.00)

16 (16.00)

 

Occupation, n (%)

  

0.121

   

0.201

Retiree

1 (10.00)

4 (40.00)

  

50 (50.00)

59 (59.00)

 

Others

9 (90.00)

6 (60.00)

  

50 (50.00)

41 (41.00)

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.33 ± 3.38

25.76 ± 3.91

0.793

 

24.09 ± 3.03

25.03 ± 3.86

0.057

Smokers, n (%)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

  

16 (16.00)

26 (26.00)

0.083

Drinkers, n (%)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

  

5 (5.00)

8 (8.00)

0.390

Laboratory results

       

Fast blood-glucose (mmol/L)

9.03 ± 3.15

8.57 ± 3.04

0.743

 

9.86 ± 4.66

8.69 ± 4.69

0.101

Postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L)

17.16 ± 4.73

15.13 ± 3.95

0.310

 

15.57 ± 5.86

14.51 ± 5.77

0.228

HbA1c (%)

8.77 ± 2.92

8.65 ± 2.25

0.929

 

9.12 ± 2.74

8.71 ± 2.67

0.309

Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)

1.52 ± 0.84

1.74 ± 1.14

0.733

 

1.67 ± 1.50

1.80 ± 1.51

0.605

1 h postprandial, C-peptide (ng/ml)

4.57 ± 4.00

4.75 ± 4.91

0.960

 

3.38 ± 2.82

3.44 ± 2.82

0.921

2 h postprandial, C-peptide (ng/ml)

3.16 ± 1.82

6.21 ± 7.34

0.308

 

4.15 ± 3.40

4.71 ± 3.77

0.330

Urinary creatinine (µmol/L)

10712.75 ± 6879.51

6726.25 ± 4451.13

0.190

 

7408.81 ± 4108.92

7770.75 ± 4797.89

0.619

Urinary microalbumin (µg/mL)

152.25 ± 382.83

136.05 ± 331.71

0.929

 

198.42 ± 697.97

64.01 ± 152.52

0.095

Urinary protein (g/L)

    

2.92 ± 3.49

0.21 ± 0.12

0.025

GFR (ml/min)

86.70 ± 24.97

62.86 ± 19.38

0.091

 

73.81 ± 18.67

75.00 ± 16.43

0.721

TC (mmol/L)

4.95 ± 1.40

5.02 ± 0.99

0.906

 

5.03 ± 1.35

4.93 ± 1.11

0.576

TG (mmol/L)

2.54 ± 1.72

1.41 ± 0.53

0.062

 

1.92 ± 1.81

1.94 ± 1.27

0.939

HDL (mmol/L)

1.11 ± 0.20

1.10 ± 0.21

0.914

 

1.12 ± 0.27

1.10 ± 0.29

0.587

LDL (mmol/L)

2.48 ± 0.87

3.12 ± 0.73

0.091

 

2.97 ± 1.02

2.93 ± 0.97

0.784

ALT (U/L)

25.70 ± 8.57

21.70 ± 10.57

0.365

 

29.73 ± 28.43

37.33 ± 102.37

0.490

Blood creatinine (µmol/L)

63.30 ± 11.75

61.30 ± 11.03

0.699

 

75.11 ± 47.57

73.48 ± 39.31

0.794

Blood uric acid (µmol/L)

364.3 ± 135.95

337.7 ± 72.23

0.592

 

372.09 ± 119.21

373.12 ± 122.23

0.953

hsCRP (mg/L)

4.45 ± 1.76

5.93 ± 5.19

0.734

 

7.95 ± 14.37

24.94 ± 59.14

0.221

Comorbidities

       

Hypertension, n (%)

5 (50.00)

6 (66.67)

0.463

 

60 (60.00)

67 (67.00)

0.304

Hyperlipemia, n (%)

2 (20.00)

5 (50.00)

0.160

 

36 (36.00)

39 (39.00)

0.661

Carotid atherosclerosis, n (%)

9 (90.00)

10 (100.00)

  

66 (70.21)

84 (91.30)

< 0.001

Reduced left ventricular diastolic function, n (%)

6 (66.67)

7 (87.50)

0.312

 

62 (70.45)

67 (81.71)

0.087

Peripheral neuropathy, n (%)

2 (25.00)

2 (28.57)

0.876

 

10 (14.93)

14 (28.00)

0.083

  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are presented as cases (percentage)
  2. Abbreviation: HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin |glycosylated hemoglobin; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein
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BMC Medical Genomics

ISSN: 1755-8794

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