Table 3 Adapted Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale for cross-sectional studies
No | Study | Selection | Compatibility | Outcome | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness of cases | Sample size a | Non-respondents b | Ascertainment of the exposure | Potential confounders | Assessment of the outcome | Statistical test | |||
maximum | 5 | 1 | 3 | 9 | |||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
1 | Gutierrez-Diaz et al. 2016 [17] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
2 | Gutierrez-Diaz et al. 2017 [22] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
3 | Mitsou et al. 2017 [1] | 1 | 1 | 1 (Drop:4) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
6 | Garcia-Mantrana et al. 2018 [25] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
8 | Cox et al. 2019 [14] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
9 | Gallè et al. 2020 [26] | 1 | 1 | 0 (Drop: 104) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
10 | Maldonado-Contreras et al. 2020 [32] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
11 | Ruiz-Saavedra et al. 2020 [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
12 | Valeriani et al. 2020 [28] | 1 | 1 | 0 (Drop: 64) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
13 | Rosés et al. 2021 [29] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
14 | Wang et al. 2021 [30] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |