Johnson T, Nath A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24(3):284–90.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marcondes MCG, Burudi E, Huitron-Resendiz S, Sanchez-Alavez M, Watry D, Zandonatti M, et al. Highly activated CD8+ T cells in the brain correlate with early central nervous system dysfunction in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Immunol. 2001;167(9):5429–38.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zheng J, Zhuang W, Yan N, Kou G, Peng H, McNally C, et al. Classification of HIV-1-Mediated neuronal dendritic and synaptic damage using multiple criteria linear programming. Neuroinformatics. 2004;2(3):303–26.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Resnick L, Berger JR, Shapshak P, Tourtellotte WW. Early penetration of the blood–brain-barrier by HIV. Neurol. 1988;38(1):9–14.
CAS
Google Scholar
McArthur JC, Steiner J, Sacktor N, Nath A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Mind the gap. Ann Neurol. 2010;67(6):699–714.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tozzi V, Balestra P, Lorenzini P, Bellagamba R, Galgani S, Corpolongo A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive impairment, 1996 to 2002: Results from an urban observational cohort. J Neurovirol. 2005;11(3):265–73.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sacktor N, McDermott MP, Marder K, Schifitto G, Selnes OA, McArthur JC, et al. HIV-associated cognitive impairment before and after the advent of combination therapy. J Neurovirol. 2002;8(2):136–42.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin Jr DR, Woods SP, Ake C, Vaida F, et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurol. 2010;75(23):2087–96.
CAS
Google Scholar
Horn, T. Update on the Neurological Manifestations of HIV. In: The PRN Notebook. Physicians’ ResearchNetwork. 2005. http://www.prn.org/images/pdfs/74_mcarthur_justin.pdf.
Ellis RJ, Moore DJ, Childers ME, Letendre S, McCutchan JA, Wolfson T, et al. Progression to neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus infection predicted by elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of human immunodeficiency virus RNA. Arch Neurol. 2002;59(6):923–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang M, Foley B, Schultz AK, Macke JP, Bulla I, Stanke M, et al. The role of recombination in the emergence of a complex and dynamic HIV epidemic. Retrovirology. 2010;7:25.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Holman AG, Mefford ME, O’Connor N, Gabuzda D. HIVBrainSeqDB: A database of annotated HIV envelope sequences from brain and other anatomical sites. AIDS Res Ther. 2010;43.
Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. Los Alamos National Laboratory. http://www.hiv.lanl.gov. Accessed Feb 2014.
Benson DA, Clark K, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D32–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215(3):403–10.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang M, Schultz AK, Calef C, Kuiken C, Leitner T, Korber B, et al. jpHMM at GOBICS: A web server to detect genomic recombinations in HIV-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(Web Server issue):W463–5.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schultz AK, Zhang M, Bulla I, Leitner T, Korber B, Morgenstern B, et al. jpHMM: Improving the reliability of recombination prediction in HIV-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Web Server issue):W647–51.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schultz AK, Zhang M, Leitner T, Kuiken C, Korber B, Morgenstern B, et al. A jumping profile hidden markov model and applications to recombination sites in HIV and HCV genomes. BMC Bioinformatics. 2006;7:265.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Toggas SM, Masliah E, Rockenstein EM, Rall GF, Abraham CR, Mucke L. Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice. Nature. 1994;367(6459):188–93.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaul M, Lipton SA. Experimental and potential future therapeutic approaches for HIV-1 associated dementia targeting receptors for chemokines, glutamate and erythropoietin. Neurotox Res. 2005;8(1–2):167–86.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fontana G, Valenti L, Raiteri M. Gp120 can revert antagonism at the glycine site of NMDA receptors mediating GABA release from cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci Res. 1997;49(6):732–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lamers SL, Salemi M, Galligan DC, Morris A, Gray R, Fogel G, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 evolutionary patterns associated with pathogenic processes in the brain. J Neurovirol. 2010;16(3):230–41.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lamers SL, Poon AF, McGrath MS. HIV-1 Nef protein structures associated with brain infection and dementia pathogenesis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(2):e16659.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Thomas ER, Dunfee RL, Stanton J, Bogdan D, Kunstman K, Wolinsky SM, et al. High frequency of defective vpu compared with tat and rev genes in brain from patients with HIV type 1-associated dementia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007;23(4):575–80.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Scarano F, Martin-Garcia J. The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(1):69–81.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nath A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins in neuropathogenesis of HIV dementia. J Infect Dis. 2002;186 Suppl 2:S193–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaul M, Lipton SA. Mechanisms of neuronal injury and death in HIV-1 associated dementia. Curr HIV Res. 2006;4(3):307–18.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunfee R, Thomas ER, Gorry PR, Wang J, Ancuta P, Gabuzda D. Mechanisms of HIV-1 neurotropism. Curr HIV Res. 2006;4(3):267–78.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
King JE, Eugenin EA, Buckner CM, Berman JW. HIV tat and neurotoxicity. Microbes Infect. 2006;8(5):1347–57.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chesebro B, Wehrly K, Nishio J, Perryman S. Mapping of independent V3 envelope determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 macrophage tropism and syncytium formation in lymphocytes. J Virol. 1996;70(12):9055–9.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
O’Brien WA, Koyanagi Y, Namazie A, Zhao JQ, Diagne A, Idler K, et al. HIV-1 tropism for mononuclear phagocytes can be determined by regions of gp120 outside the CD4-binding domain. Nature. 1990;348(6296):69–73.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shioda T, Levy JA, Cheng-Mayer C. Small amino acid changes in the V3 hypervariable region of gp120 can affect the T-cell-line and macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. PNAS. 1992;89(20):9434–8.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jordan CA, Watkins BA, Kufta C, Dubois-Dalcq M. Infection of brain microglial cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is CD4 dependent. J Virol. 1991;65(2):736–42.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Toohey K, Wehrly K, Nishio J, Perryman S, Chesebro B. Human immunodeficiency virus envelope V1 and V2 regions influence replication efficiency in macrophages by affecting virus spread. Virology. 1995;213(1):70–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu X, Yang ZY, Li Y, Hogerkorp CM, Schief WR, Seaman MS, et al. Rational design of envelope identifies broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1. Science. 2010;329(5993):856–61.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Joska JA, Westgarth-Taylor J, Myer L, Hoare J, Thomas KG, Combrinck M, et al. Characterization of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders among individuals starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(6):1197–203.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Perriens JH, Mussa M, Luabeya MK, Kayembe K, Kapita B, Brown C, et al. Neurological complications of HIV-1-seropositive internal medicine inpatients in Kinshasa, Zaire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1992;5(4):333–40.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Howlett WP, Nkya WM, Mmuni KA, Missalek WR. Neurological disorders in AIDS and HIV disease in the northern zone of Tanzania. AIDS. 1989;3(5):289–96.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shiramizu B, Ratto-Kim S, Sithinamsuwan P, Nidhinandana S, Thitivichianlert S, Watt G, et al. HIV DNA and dementia in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Bangkok, Thailand. Int J Med Sci. 2007;4(1):13–8.
CAS
Google Scholar
Gatz M, Fiske A, Reynolds CA, Wetherell JL, Johansson B, Pedersen NL. Sex differences in genetic risk for dementia. Behav Genet. 2003;33(2):95–105.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Artero S, Ancelin ML, Portet F, Dupuy A, Berr C, Dartigues JF, et al. Risk profiles for mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia are gender specific. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(9):979–84.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar